Everything about The Royal Audience Of Quito totally explained
The
Royal Audience of Quito (
Spanish:
Audiencia Real de Quito, sometimes refered to as
la Presidencia de Quito or
el Reino de Quito) was an administrative unit in the Spanish Empire which had political, military, and religious jurisdiction over territories that today include
Ecuador, parts of northern
Peru, parts of southern
Colombia and parts of northern
Brazil. It was created by Royal Decree on August 29, 1563 by
Philip II of Spain in the city of
Guadalajara (Law X of Title XV of Book II of the
Recopilación de Leyes de Indias). It ended in 1822 with the incorporation of the area into the, which had been established in 1819.
The
Audiencia was effectively autonomous because the Viceroyal government (to which the Audiencia was technically subordinate) was too far away to administer its territories effectively. Thus, power was devolved to the Audiencia by the Viceroy and the audiencia was directly administered by the President of the Audiencia and his political, military, and religious officials. Initially the
Audiencia de Quito formed part of the Viceroyalty of Peru (1563 - 1717) and (1723 - 1739). Later the Audiencia was part of a newly created
Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada (1717 - 1723). This Viceroyalty was temporarily suppressed by the
King of Spain in 1723 and the
Audiencia de Quito returned to the
Viceroyalty of Peru. In 1739, the Viceroyalty of Nueva Granada was re-established and the
Audiencia de Quito was returned to it until it declared itself independent from Spain in 1822. Ecuador joined the territories of what is today
Venezuela,
Colombia and
Panama to form the Republic of La Gran Colombia.
As part of Gran Colombia, the territories of Quito were divided up into districts, departments, and provinces on June 25, 1824 by
La Ley de Division Territorial de la Republica de Colombia. The Audiencia de Quito was divided into 4 departments:
Ecuador,
Guayaquil,
Azuay, and
Cauca. The Departments of Ecuador, Guayaquil, and Azuay united to form the
Distrito del Sur. On May 13, 1830 the Departments of Ecuador, Guayaquil, and Azuay separated from La Gran Colombia to form a new nation called Ecuador with
Juan José Flores as its first president, who tried to incorporate the Department of Cauca, but to no avail.
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